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Austria: Restoring the public finances in the face of ageing

Austria enjoys high living standards, strong institutions and a highly skilled workforce. But the economy was hit hard by the energy price shocks following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. After a strong rebound from the pandemic, activity slowed sharply in 2023–24, leading to a prolonged recession and a sizeable fiscal deficit that stood at 4.5% of GDP in 2025.

By Falilou Fall, OECD Economics Department

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Navigating demographic headwinds in Croatia

Croatia’s economy has experienced robust and resilient GDP growth and improved living standards over the past decade. Yet a rapidly shrinking and ageing population threatens future growth and fiscal sustainability. Advancing pension, health care and labour market reforms will be essential to extend working lives, improve healthy ageing and raise labour force participation.

By Federica De Pace and Oliver Roehn, OECD Economics Department

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Strengthening Romania’s competitiveness

Romania has made remarkable progress in converging toward OECD income levels over the past two decades, supported by deeper integration into global markets, substantial capital inflows, and wide‑ranging economic reforms.

by Katja Schmidt, OECD Economics Department

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The investor base for sovereign debt: Recent developments and potential implications

Long-term sovereign bond yields have risen as fiscal pressures mount and central banks step back from bond markets. With private investors playing a larger role, borrowing costs may remain higher and markets may become more volatile, raising important questions for debt management and financial stability.

By Masatoshi Ando, Ben Conigrave, Álvaro Pina and Caroline Roulet, OECD Economics Department.

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Raising Thailand’s productivity through regulatory reform

Thailand has made considerable economic advances over recent decades, but progress has slowed over the past several years, notably in productivity growth.

By Philip Hemmings, Jens Arnold, Charles Dennery and Isabella Medina, OECD Economics Department

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Why Argentina needs a labour market reform

Argentina is going through one of the most comprehensive reform efforts in its history. Since late 2023, the authorities have taken unprecedented measures to reform fiscal, monetary, trade and regulatory policies, all of which have triggered significant improvements in the business environment. For this transformation to translate into new jobs and better living standards, policymakers need to continue reducing institutional and market frictions that impose costs on the reallocation of workers from low- to high-productivity sectors.

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Flooding in 2025 in Balagtas Bulacan, Philippines

Confronting Climate Change in the Philippines:  Building Resilience while Cutting Emissions

Climate change is not a distant threat for the Philippines. Preparing for a warmer and more volatile future will require building on past progress in investing into climate change adaptation, combined with carbon pricing and cleaner power generation.
Read More »Confronting Climate Change in the Philippines:  Building Resilience while Cutting Emissions
Manila, Philippines - January 2020 -

Towards a new productivity push – Building on past progress to improve living standards in the Philippines 

The Philippines has strong economic fundamentals, but the population boost that has supported growth is fading, making reforms to competition, public finances and formal jobs increasingly important to keep incomes rising.
Read More »Towards a new productivity push – Building on past progress to improve living standards in the Philippines 

Unlocking Peru’s untapped talent by turning education into social mobility

Peru’s young population is full of potential, but too much of it remains underused. Intergenerational mobility has improved in education but remains weak in incomes. This disconnect explains why a young and increasingly educated population has not translated into stronger productivity growth or broader economic opportunity.
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Aprovechar el talento del Perú convirtiendo educación en movilidad social

La población joven del Perú tiene un gran potencial, pero una parte importante sigue sin aprovecharse. La movilidad intergeneracional ha mejorado en educación, pero sigue siendo débil en ingresos. Esta desconexión explica por qué una población joven y cada vez más educada no se ha traducido en un mayor crecimiento de la productividad ni en oportunidades económicas más amplias.
Read More »Aprovechar el talento del Perú convirtiendo educación en movilidad social